Visual information constrains early and late stages of spoken-word recognition in sentence context
Résumé
Audiovisual speech perception has been frequently studied considering phoneme, syllable and word processing levels. Here, we examined the constraints that visual speech information might exert during the recognition of words embedded in a natural sentence context. We recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) to words that could be either strongly or weakly predictable on the basis of the prior semantic sentential context and, whose initial phoneme varied in the degree of visual saliency from lip movements. When the sentences were presented audio-visually (Experiment 1), words weakly predicted from semantic context elicited a larger long-lasting N400, compared to strongly predictable words. This semantic effect interacted with the degree of visual saliency over a late part of the N400. When comparing audio-visual versus auditory alone presentation (Experiment 2), the typical amplitude-reduction effect over the auditory-evoked N100 response was observed in the audiovisual modality. Interestingly, a specific benefit of high- versus low-visual saliency constraints occurred over the early N100 response and at the late N400 time window, confirming the result of Experiment 1. Taken together, our results indicate that the saliency of visual speech can exert an influence over both auditory processing and word recognition at relatively late stages, and thus suggest strong interactivity between audio-visual integration and other (arguably higher) stages of information processing during natural speech comprehension.
Mots clés
Acoustic Stimulation
Adolescent
Adult
Comprehension
Data Interpretation
Statistical
Electroencephalography
Event-related potentials
Evoked Potentials
Auditory
Female
Fixation
Ocular
Humans
Male
Phonetics
Photic Stimulation
Psycholinguistics
Reading
Recognition (Psychology)
Semantic constraints
Semantics
Speech Perception
Spoken-word recognition
Visual Perception
Visual speech
Young Adult