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Tardi-magmatic precipitation of Martian Fe/Mg-rich clay minerals via igneous differentiation

J.-C. Viennet 1 S. Bernard 2 Corentin Le Guillou 3 V. Sautter 2 P. Schmitt-Kopplin 4 O. Beyssac 2 S. Pont 2 B. Zanda 2 R. Hewins 2 L. Remusat 2
1 IMPMC - Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie
2 IMPMC - Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie
3 UMET - Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207
4 German Research Center for Environmental Health - Helmholtz Center München (GmbH)
Abstract : Mars is seen as a basalt covered world that has been extensively altered through hydrothermal or near surface water-rock interactions. As a result, all the Fe/Mg-rich clay minerals detected from orbit so far have been interpreted as secondary, i.e. as products of aqueous alteration of pre-existing silicates by (sub)surface water. Based on the fine scale petrographic study of the evolved mesostasis of the Nakhla meteorite, we report here the presence of primary Fe/Mg-rich clay minerals that directly precipitated from a water-rich fluid exsolved from the Cl-rich parental melt of nakhlites during igneous differentiation. Such a tardi-magmatic precipitation of clay minerals requires much lower amounts of water compared to production via aqueous alteration. Although primary Fe/Mg-rich clay minerals are minor phases in Nakhla, the contribution of such a process to Martian clay formation may have been quite significant during the Noachian given that Noachian magmas were richer in H2O. In any case, the present discovery justifies a re-evaluation of the exact origin of the clay minerals detected on Mars so far, with potential consequences for our vision of the early magmatic and climatic histories of Mars.
Keywords : Mars magmatic precipitation clay minerals
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J.-C. Viennet, S. Bernard, Corentin Le Guillou, V. Sautter, P. Schmitt-Kopplin, et al.. Tardi-magmatic precipitation of Martian Fe/Mg-rich clay minerals via igneous differentiation. Geochemical Perspectives Letters, European Assoication of Geochemistry, 2020, Geochemical Perspectives Letters, pp.47-52. ⟨10.7185/geochemlet.2023⟩. ⟨hal-02927306⟩

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