Purpose: This study aimed to assess the cardiorespiratory response during a 1-min sit-to-stand test (1STS) in comparison with cycling cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and in healthy subjects and to evaluate whether 1STS may induce leg fatigue in these individuals. Methods: Fourteen people with severe COPD and 12 healthy subjects performed a 1STS and a CPET during which cardiorespiratory response, perception of dyspnea, and leg fatigue were assessed. Quadriceps strength was assessed before and after 1STS, and contractile fatigue was defined as a postexercise fall in quadriceps twitch force greater than 15% of resting values. Results: In COPD, peak VO2, VE, and HR achieved during 1STS reached 113%, 103%, and 93% of the corresponding values during CPET, respectively. Decrease in SpO2 from preexercise to peak exercise and the magnitude of dynamic hyperinflation were similar between 1STS and CPET. Borg dyspnea and leg fatigue scores were higher for CPET than 1STS. In healthy subjects, peak cardiorespiratory demand and symptom scores were higher during CPET compared with 1STS. A VO2 overshoot during recovery was observed only in people with COPD. After 1STS, the V˙ O2 half-time recovery of COPD was 152 ± 25 s compared with 74 ± 18 in healthy subjects (P < 0.01). Ten people with COPD and five healthy subjects were considered as fatiguers. Conclusion: The 1STS induced a similar cardiorespiratory stress to that of CPET and was associated with contractile quadriceps fatigue in people with severe COPD. The VO2 overshoot and slower recovery time of cardiorespiratory variables seen in COPD demonstrate the clinical relevance of monitoring the recovery phase of exercise.