Introduction Abusive head injuries is a major cause of severe morbidity and the main cause of mortality by head trauma in infants. Material and methods Based on published data and their own clinical and medicolegal practice, the authors review briefly the historical roots and emergence of the concept of abusive head injuries (AHI), until the present scientific understanding of shaken baby syndrome (SBS) and Silverman syndrome. They then discuss the present epidemic of denialism and how this challenge to science should be seen as a stimulus to increase research and improve the accuracy of diagnosis and medical practice. Results The denial of SBS is especially damaging because it undermines the possibilities of prevention and reparation for victims. The authors expand on AHI being part of a wider context of domestic violence and the prevention of child abuse being part of a broad and long-term endeavor to defend civilization values. Conclusions Prevention of AHI is a major challenge for the future. In the fields of science and prevention of child abuse, the input of pediatric neurosurgeons should not be underestimated.