Thermocompression is a classical polymer shaping process, but it does not easily allow designing sophisticated shapes without using a complex mold, on the contrary to 3D printing (or Polymer Additive Manufacturing (PAM)), which is a very flexible technique. Among all 3D printing techniques, Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is of high potential for product manufacturing, with the capability to compete with conventional polymer processing techniques. Classical FDM is a quite low cost technique, but the range of filaments commercially available is limited and costly. However, in some specific 3D printing processes, no filaments are necessary. Polymers pellets feed directly the printing nozzle allowing to investigate many polymeric matrices with no commercial limitation. This is of high interest for the design of flame retardant materials, but literature is scarce in that field. In this work, different designs of flame retarded materials have been investigated to highlight the benefit of this new processing technology. Firstly, homogenously flame retarded samples have been considered (bulk treatment) and the comparison between the performances of samples prepared by thermocompression and 3D printing has been done based on four different Ethylene-vinylacetate copolymer (EVA) formulations containing aluminum trihydroxide (ATH) or expandable graphite (EG) (EVA, EVA/ATH (30 wt%), EVA/ATH (65 wt%) and EVA/EG (10 wt%)). Then, new concepts and designs of multi-materials have been proposed to optimize the fire protection properties by changing the design. Samples presenting flame retardant additive concentrations gradient is prepared, as well as multi-layer samples containing flame retardants of different modes of action. A full characterization of the thermal protection properties of these novel 3D designs will be presented. This is a pioneering innovative study for exploring the feasibility of using FDM technology to design new and efficient flame retarded materials, offering the way to make safer materials at low cost.