BACKGROUND: Identification of the culprit genes underlying multifactorial diseases is one of the most important current challenges of molecular genetics. While recent advances in genomics research have accelerated the discovery of susceptibility genes, much remains to be learned about the functions of disease-associated genetic variants. Recently, Moore and co-workers identified, in the donor genome, an association between a common genetic variant (rs4730751) in the gene encoding caveolin-1 (CAV1), a major structural component of caveolae, and long-term allograft survival. METHODS: Four hundred seventy-five renal recipients consecutively transplanted were included in this study. Donor genomic DNA was extracted and used to genotype CAV1 rs4730751 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism. RESULTS: Patients receiving a graft carrying CAV1 rs4730751 AA genotype displayed a significant decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate and a significant increase in serum creatinine in both univariate and multivariate analyzes. Moreover, patients receiving a graft with CAV1 AA genotype significantly developed more interstitial fibrosis lesions on systematic biopsies performed 3 months post-transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: Genotyping of CAV1 may be relevant to identify patients at risk of adverse renal transplant outcome.