Thermoresponsive polymers facilitate the development of a wide range of applications in multiple areas spanning from construction or water management to lab-on-a-chip technologies and biomedical sciences. The combination of thermoresponsive polymers with supramolecular chemistry, inspired by the molecular mechanisms behind natural systems, is resulting in adaptive and smart materials with unprecedented properties. This work reviews the past advances on the combination of this young field of research with polymer chemistry that is enabling a high level of control on polymer architecture and stimuli-responsiveness in solution. We will discuss how such polymer systems are able to store thermal information, respond to multiple stimuli in a reversible manner, or adapt their morphology on demand, all powered by the synergy between polymer chemistry and supramolecular chemistry.