Relationships between sports club participation and physical fitness and body mass index in childhood.
Résumé
Physical fitness (PF) is a powerful determinant of health. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between sports club (SC) participation and PF, and body mass index (BMI) in children. The population included 15,625 children (8,029 boys and 7,596 girls) 5 to 10 years old divided into three aged groups. PF was assessed with the Diagnoform® Kid from 5 tests measuring different components: cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, speed, coordination, agility and flexibility. BMI was calculated. SC participation was documented. The sports were classified into four categories based on the educational goal (C1, C2, C3, C4). The relationships between sex, age, BMI class and SC participation were tested. The children who practiced in SC had better PF than those who did not. C1 (track and field, swimming, triathlon and cycling) and C4 (team, combat and racket sports) sports seemed to be associated with a better PF. This study showed that SC participation may be an element for building health. Preventive healthcare projects for SC dropouts (obese children and girls) are needed.
Cette étude a étudié les relations entre la pratique sportive en club (PSC), le niveau de condition physique (CP) et l’indice de masse corporelle chez plus de 15 000 enfants âgés de 5 à 10 ans. Le Diagnoform® Kid a été utilisé pour évaluer la CP. Notre étude s’est s’intéressée à l’influence de 4 groupes de sport spécifique (i.e. C1, C2, C3, C4 ; classés par champ d’apprentissage en EPS) sur la CP. Nos résultats suggèrent que : a) les filles et les enfants obèses ont une PSC et une CP plus faible, b) l’écart de CP entre les normo-pondérés et les jeunes obèses augmentent avec la croissance et c) les enfants pratiquant les sports de C1 (i.e. athlétisme, triathlon...) et de C4 (i.e. sports collectifs/combats...) ont une CP plus élevée que ceux pratiquant d’autres sports.