Purpose The aim of this study was to compare critical power (CP) and work capacity W′, and W′ reconstitution (W′REC) following repeated maximal exercise between women and men. Methods Twelve women ( O2PEAK: 2.53 ± 0.37 L·min−1) and 12 men ( O2PEAK: 4.26 ± 0.30 L·min−1) performed a minimum of 3 constant workload tests, to determine CP and W′, and 1 maximal exercise repetition test with three work bouts (WB) to failure, to quantify W′REC during 2 recovery periods, i.e., W′REC1 and W′REC2. An independent samples t test was used to compare CP and W′ values between women and men, and a repeated-measures ANOVA was used to compare W′REC as fraction of W′ expended during the first WB, absolute W′REC, and normalized to lean body mass (LBM). Results CP normalized to LBM was not different between women and men, respectively, 3.7 ± 0.5 vs. 4.1 ± 0.4 W·kgLBM−1, while W′ normalized to LBM was lower in women 256 ± 29 vs. 305 ± 45 J·kgLBM−1. Fractional W′REC1 was higher in women than in men, respectively, 74.0 ± 12.0% vs. 56.8 ± 9.5%. Women reconstituted less W′ than men in absolute terms (8.7 ± 1.2 vs. 10.9 ± 2.0 kJ) during W′REC1, while normalized to LBM no difference was observed between women and men (174 ± 23 vs. 167 ± 31 J·kgLBM−1). W′REC2 was lower than W′REC1 both in women and men. Conclusion Sex differences in W′REC (absolute women < men; fractional women > men) are eliminated when LBM is accounted for. Prediction models of W′REC might benefit from including LBM as a biological variable in the equation. This study confirms the occurrence of a slowing of W′REC during repeated maximal exercise.