Introduction: Spine surgery is one of the specialties with the highest medicolegal risk, with a legalaction initiated every 17 months per practitioner. One of the most dreaded complications is an epiduralhematoma with postoperative deficit. The treatment ofthis complication is still being debated. We therefore conducted a retrospective study of the database of a medical liability insurer to assess perioperativefactors determining the liability of the surgeon or paramedical team during an expert review in the eventof a postoperative symptomatic epidural hematoma.Hypothesis: To identify the factors determining the liability of the medical team in the event of a postoperative symptomatic epidural hematoma.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the largest French register of medicolegal expertreviews between 2011 and 2018. We identified 68 cases by entering the following keywords in thisdatabase: “spine surgery,” “complications,” and “epidural hematoma.” After a thorough review of eachcase, only 14 were deemed to be truly relevant to our study. We collected for each patient the perioperative data, complications (including neurologic deficits) and their clinical course.Results: Only one surgeon was accused and found liable for failing to perform a surgical revision within areasonable timeframe (time to revisionof11days).In2cases,the liability of anurse working inthe surgicaldepartment was called into question for failing to contact the surgeon upon the onset of symptoms. Inthe other cases (11 patients, 79%), the occurrence of a symptomatic epidural hematoma was considereda no-fault medical accident that was not caused by the surgeon. The presence of a drain did not have anymedicolegal impact in the cases reviewed.Conclusion: The key element in medicolegal decisions is the reaction time of the healthcare teams, inparticular the time between the onset of symptoms and surgical revision. According to these expertreviews, the placement of a drain was not taken into consideration during the medicolegal assessmentof a postoperative symptomatic epidural hematoma.Level of Evidence: II; retrospective prognostic study, investigation of patient characteristics and theirimpact on functional outcome.