The role of young child formula in ensuring a balanced diet in young children (1-3 years old)
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The Role of Young Child Formula in Ensuring a Balanced Diet in Young Children (1–3 Years Old)
by Jean-Pierre Chouraqui
1,* [ORCID] , Dominique Turck
2,3, Gabriel Tavoularis
4 [ORCID] , Constance Ferry
5 and Christophe Dupont
6
1
Paediatric Nutrition and Gastroenterology, Division of Pediatrics, Woman, Mother and Child Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), 21 rue du Bugnon, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
2
Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Paediatrics, Lille University, 59037 Lille, France
3
Jeanne de Flandre Children’s Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Lille, INSERM U995, 59037 Lille, France
4
CREDOC (Centre de Recherche pour l’Etude et l’Observation des Conditions de Vie), 142 rue du Chevaleret, 75013 Paris, France
5
36 rue des Cormiers, 77690 Montigny sur Loing, France
6
Pediatric Gastroenterology Department, Necker Enfants-Malades Hospital, Paris Descartes University, 75015 Paris, France
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2019, 11(9), 2213; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11092213
Submission received: 19 August 2019 / Revised: 6 September 2019 / Accepted: 9 September 2019 / Published: 13 September 2019
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Abstract
During the nutritional vulnerable period of 1–3 years of age, nutrient intake is often inadequate due to an unbalanced diet. Young child formula (YCF) has been proposed as a means of improving nutrition in this age group. We compared the food consumption and nutrient intake of 241 YCF consumers (YCF-C) to those of 206 non-consumers (YCF-NC), selected from among the children enrolled in the Nutri-Bébé survey, an observational cross-sectional survey, conducted from 3 January to 21 April 2013. Food consumption and nutrient intake were analyzed from a three-day dietary record. The YCF-C < 2 years group had a protein (−8 g/d; p < 0.0001) and sodium (−18%; p = 0.0003) intake that was lower than that of YCF-NC, but still above the respective EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) Average Requirement (AR) or Adequate Intake (AI). At all ages, the YCF-C group had higher intakes of essential fatty acids (p < 0.0001), vitamins C (p < 0.0001), A, D, and E (p < 0.0001), all B vitamins (p < 0.001) except B12, iron (9 vs. 5 mg/d, p < 0.0001), reaching the Dietary Reference Values (DRVs, AR or AI), but similar DHA and ARA intakes. Getting closer to the reference values proposed by EFSA required at least 360 mL/d of YCF. The consumption of YCF may help infants and children at risk of nutrient deficiencies to meet their nutritional requirements. However, protein, sodium, and vitamin A intakes remained above the EFSA DRVs, and DHA, ARA, and vitamin D remained below.
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