Glasses of the ternary system BaOsingle bondB2O3single bondP2O5 were prepared and studied in broad concentration limits covering the whole vitrification domain: 20–50 mol% BaO, 0–40 mol% B2O3 and 20–60 mol% P2O5. Their structure was studied with combinations of Raman spectroscopy, 31P MAS NMR spectroscopy and 11B MAS NMR spectroscopy. The obtained results are discussed in several compositional lines A: (100-x)Ba(PO3)2single bondxB2O3, B: 40BaOsingle bondyB2O3single bond(60-y)P2O5, C: (50-z)BaOsingle bondzB2O3single bond50P2O5, D: (60-w)BaOsingle bondwB2O3single bond40P2O5 and E: uBaOsingle bond40B2O3single bond(60-u)P2O5. Boron oxide incorporates into the phosphate network in the form of BO4 and BO3 groups and increases their glass transition temperature. Nevertheless, the increase in Tg is only steep within the region of 0–20 mol% B2O3 reaching a maximum at the glasses with ∼30 mol% B2O3. In the lines A, B and E a decrease in the P2O5 and an increase of B2O3 content results in the shortening of phosphate chains with decreasing P2O5 content; these changes are most pronounced in line B with a constant BaO content. In lines C and D with a constant P2O5 content a decrease in the BaO content results, in contrast, in the reverse transformation of phosphate structural units in the direction Q1 → Q2 → Q3 as detected from Raman spectra and 31P MAS NMR spectra. 11B MAS NMR spectra revealed that only BO4 units are present in the glasses with 0–20 mol% B2O3. In the glasses of the E series the fraction of BO3 units increases with a decreasing P2O5 content. By the decomposition of the 11B MAS NMR spectra it is possible to estimate the fractions of basic structural units formed by boron - B(OP)3O, B(OP)2O2 and BO3 in all the glasses of the glass forming region.